Central bank intervention is the main force driving credit markets. What should we expect over the next months?
Credit finds itself, as ever, in a “piggy in the middle” situation, sandwiched between extremely low-yielding government bonds and equity markets with exceptionally high multiples. Whether investors see credit as the worst of both worlds or the best of a bad bunch remains to be seen. The investment grade section of the market is most vulnerable to rising risk-free yields and interest rate normalization and so, in theory, should underperform high yield. High yield bond markets typically can weather inflationary headwinds (1) better but run the risk that, in taming inflation, authorities crash the economy, pushing up perceived default risk (and spreads) dramatically.
We expect increasing volatility as well as increased spread dispersion especially in the first semester of 2022 as markets attempt to price in much higher-than-expected inflation as well as likely responses from central banks around the world.
How will credit markets react in this scenario?
If inflation does remain elevated and central banks respond by tightening monetary policy, then credit markets are likely to sell off in price terms and total rates of return (especially for investment grade debt) (2) will be negative. The high yield market is better able to withstand a higher term structure of rates but only if this is partly the result of much stronger than expected growth and not a stagflationary (3) environment. In the former, the higher cost of capital will be perhaps more than offset by stronger earnings as the operating environment improves, thus allowing for deleveraging and improving credit metrics. Stagflation could be met with rising default-rate expectations and much wider spreads.
So, the successful management of duration will be key to delivering strong risk-adjusted returns this year. I believe that current credit market conditions are likely to persist well into 2022.
How should investors position themselves?
Long opportunities will centre on "re-opening" trades and event-driven opportunities (M&A (4), corporate actions, IPOs (5), restructurings, leveraged buy-outs). On the short side, this is likely to include businesses that struggle with rising input costs (margin pressure) and those that are likely to disappoint a market that has priced most credit to perfection. I believe a key theme for 2022 will be to identify those credits that have come through Covid in better-than-expected shape and those that will prove to be struggling. I think there will also be a number of new investment themes which are likely to drive increased spread dispersion as the year unfolds.
The Aperture Credit Opportunities fund adopts a long / short approach that responds well in this context. Can you describe the fund’s approach?
We use fundamental analysis as well as quantitative tools to identify opportunities for idiosyncratic returns across the universe of global credit while taking what we believe to be limited draw-down risk (6). Within the portfolio we continue to prioritise those unique opportunities that we believe carry embedded convexity (both long and short). We are looking to add risk concentration to ensure that the investments with the highest conviction and corresponding liquidity are sized accordingly. The key for our fund will be to continually search for mis-priced, idiosyncratic opportunities (long and short) across credit markets whilst taking advantage of periods of low volatility to buy cheap insurance premium in the way of tail risk hedges to attempt to protect our capital from the uncertainties that by their nature are extremely difficult to anticipate.
An active short side of the portfolio (single names, thematic shorts and portfolio hedges) will be essential in navigating credit markets that have started the year priced close to perfection but where risks to markets seem to us to have grown quite significantly.